A yanzu haka, domin hanzarta bunkasar tattalin arzikin kasa da bunkasa masana'antar kasa, kasashen Afirka sun tsara tsare-tsaren bunkasa masana'antu. Dangane da rahoton "Kamfanin Tantance Masana'antar Kera motocin Afirka na Deloitte", muna nazarin ci gaban masana'antar kera motoci a Kenya da Habasha.
1. Bayani game da cigaban cigaban masana'antar kera motoci ta Afirka
Matsayin kasuwar motocin Afirka ba shi da ƙasa kaɗan. A shekarar 2014, yawan motocin da aka yiwa rijista a Afirka bai wuce miliyan 42.5 ba, ko kuma motoci 44 a cikin kowane mutum dubu daya, wanda hakan ya yi kasa da yawan motoci 180 a duniya a cikin mutum 1000. A shekarar 2015, kimanin motoci 15,500 suka shiga kasuwar Afirka, kaso 80% daga cikinsu an siyar dasu ga Afrika ta Kudu, Egypt, Algeria, da Morocco, wadanda suka bunkasa kasashen Afirka cikin gaggawa a masana'antar kera motoci.
Saboda karancin kudin shiga da kuma tsadar sabbin motoci, motocin da ake shigowa da su daga kasashen waje sun mamaye manyan kasuwannin Afirka. Sourceasashe masu tushe sune Amurka, Turai da Japan. Ka dauki Kenya, Habasha da Najeriya a matsayin misali, kashi 80% na sabbin motocin su ana amfani da su ne. A shekarar 2014, darajar kayayyakin da aka shigo da su cikin Afirka ya ninka darajar fitarwa har sau hudu, yayin da kayayyakin fitar da kayayyakin na Afirka ta Kudu suka kai kashi 75% na jimlar darajar Afirka.
Kamar yadda masana'antar kera motoci muhimmiyar masana'anta ce da ke inganta masana'antun cikin gida, da inganta bunkasar tattalin arziki, da samar da aikin yi, da kara kudaden shiga na kudaden kasashen waje, gwamnatocin Afirka suna ta hankoron neman hanzarta bunkasa masana'antun kera motocin nasu.
2. Kwatanta halinda ake ciki yanzu na masana'antar kera motoci a Kenya da Habasha
Kenya ce mafi karfin tattalin arziki a gabashin Afirka kuma tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a gabashin Afirka. Masana'antar hada motoci ta Kenya tana da dadadden tarihi na bunkasuwa, hade da masu saurin matsakaita, saurin bunkasa yanayin kasuwanci, da tsarin samun kasuwa a yankin da sauran abubuwan da suka dace, tana da halin bunkasa zuwa cibiyar masana'antar kera motoci ta yanki.
Kasar Habasha ce kasar da tafi kowace kasa habaka a Afirka a shekara ta 2015, tare da kasar ta biyu mafi yawan mutane a Afirka. Wanda tsarin masana'antar masana'antun gwamnati da gwamnati ke jagoranta, masana'antar kera motoci ana sa ran za su maimaita kwarewar da aka samu na ci gaban kasar Sin a cikin shekarun 1980.
Masana'antar kera motoci a Kenya da Habasha suna da gasa mai tsananin gaske. Gwamnatin Habasha ta gabatar da wasu manufofi masu karfafa gwiwa, aiwatar da rage haraji ko kuma tsarin biyan haraji ga wasu nau'ikan ababen hawa, da kuma samar da manufofin ragin haraji da kebewa ga masu saka jari a masana'antun, wanda ke jawo jari mai yawa daga Kamfanin China Investment, BYD, Fawer, Geely da sauran kamfanonin motoci.
Gwamnatin Kenya ta kuma tsara wasu matakai don karfafa ci gaban masana'antar kera motoci da sassa, amma domin kara kudaden haraji, gwamnatin ta fara sanya harajin rangwame kan motocin da aka shigo da su a shekarar 2015. A lokaci guda, don karfafa ci gaban samar da sassan motoci na cikin gida, an sanya harajin rangwame na 2% kan sassan motocin da aka shigo da su wadanda za a iya samarwa a cikin gida, wanda hakan ya haifar da raguwar samar da kashi 35% a farkon zangon shekarar 2016.
3. Nazarin masana'antar kera motoci a kasashen Kenya da Habasha
Bayan da gwamnatin Habasha ta tsara hanyarta ta bunkasa masana'antu, sai ta amince da manufofi masu amfani da kuma wadanda za a iya amfani da su don karfafa saurin masana'antun masana'antu na jawo hankalin masu saka jari daga kasashen waje, tare da bayyananniyar manufa da manufofi masu inganci. Kodayake rabon kasuwar yanzu yana da iyaka, zai zama babban mai gasa a masana'antar kera motoci ta gabashin Afirka.
Kodayake gwamnatin Kenya ta fitar da wani shiri na bunkasa masana'antu, amma manufofin tallafa wa gwamnati ba a bayyane suke ba. Wasu manufofin sun hana ci gaban masana'antu. Gabaɗaya masana'antun masana'antu suna nuna yanayin ƙasa kuma ƙarancin tabbas bai tabbata ba.
Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwancin Afirka ta binciki cewa domin inganta masana'antun kasa, inganta yaduwar tattalin arziki, samar da aikin yi, da kara musayar kudaden kasashen waje, gwamnatocin Afirka suna kokarin hanzarta ci gaban masana'antunsu na motoci. A yanzu haka, Afirka ta Kudu, Masar, Algeria da Maroko suna daga cikin kasashe masu saurin bunkasa a masana'antar kera motoci ta Afirka. Kamar yadda manyan kasashe biyu masu karfin tattalin arziki a gabashin Afirka, Kenya da Habasha suma ke bunkasa masana'antar kera motoci, amma idan aka kwatanta, Habasha zata iya zama shugabar masana'antar kera motoci ta gabashin Afirka.
Littafin Associationungiyar Autoungiyoyin Motoci na Habasha
Littafin Associationungiyar Motocin Motoci na Kenya
