Uyu munsi, ikibazo cya plastiki kirakomeye kwisi yose. Binyuze mu kuzenguruka kw'ibinyabuzima, plastiki yaremwe n'abantu izasubira mu bantu. Nibihe bikoresho bishobora gusimbuza neza plastiki? Iyangirika byoroshye nayo iroroshye kuyitwara. Simvuze imyenda isanzwe nibindi bikoresho.
Ntabwo iriho ubu.
1. Plastiki yangirika ubu ifatwa nkuburiganya:
Bamwe barimo gushyiramo ibintu nka krahisi na calcium karubone muri polyethylene gakondo kugirango bagabanye urugero rwa polyethylene. Uku gutesha agaciro ni pseudo-kwangirika rwose.
Plastike nyayo yangirika ihagarariwe na aside polylactique irashobora kwangirika munsi ya 5% mugihe imyanda isanzwe. Kugirango yangiritse bisaba hydrolysis ikomeye yinganda cyangwa fermentation yubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho fatizo bya aside polylactique ni ibiryo, kandi umusaruro wa plastiki uva mu biryo ubwawo ni imyanda ikomeye. Igiciro cya aside polylactique nayo ihenze cyane ugereranije na plastiki gakondo.
Intandaro y’umwanda wa plastike nuko ibicuruzwa byose bya pulasitike bishobora gusubizwa muri sisitemu yo guta imyanda kugirango itwike cyangwa imyanda cyangwa ikoreshwe. Ntabwo bivuze ko ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki byo mu mijyi byangirika, kandi ibyinshi mu bicuruzwa bya pulasitiki byo mu mijyi birashobora gusubizwa muri sisitemu yo guta imyanda. Amafirime y’ubuhinzi (akunze gusaza no kumeneka mu butaka imyaka 2 mbere yo kujugunywa) hamwe nuduce duto twa pulasitike twangiza niyo mpamvu nyamukuru itera umwanda. Ntukifuze gukemura ikibazo nyamukuru cyo kwivuguruza nyamukuru, ariko witegereze kwivuguruza kwa kabiri hanyuma ukubite ku kibaho. Ibi ni kimwe nitsinda rya Bai Zuo batwara ubwato bwindege yigenga hamwe n’imodoka nini yimuka mu nama yo kurengera ibidukikije.
Kwangirika kw'imyanda ubwabyo ntabwo ari inzira yumvikana yo guta plastiki. Kurandura neza plastike nugukemura ikibazo cyo gutwika bitagira ingaruka mugihe cyo kuvanga neza. Nkuko kuganira kubyangirika bya cermet, enamel, ibirahuri nibicuruzwa byamabuye birasekeje rwose.
2. Nkibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa, igiciro / uburemere / kwigunga imikorere ya plastiki ibura insimburangingo.
Imyenda isanzwe ihenze cyane kandi iracyakeneye gushyirwaho plastike cyangwa irangi kugirango ugere kurwego rwa plastike.
Gukingira impapuro birakennye cyane. Ibyinshi mu mpapuro zo guhuza ibiryo bikoreshwa mu nganda zibiribwa zometseho plastiki cyangwa ibishashara. Ko ibicuruzwa byose bya pulasitike bikoreshwa, kuki utakoresha ibicuruzwa byose bya plastiki? Guhumanya umusaruro wimpapuro ntabwo biri hasi.
Ibyuma, ceramic, enamel, ikirahure, namabuye biraremereye cyane ugereranije na plastiki. Kwirinda imigano n'ibiti by'ibiti ntibyemewe, kandi kwinjiza imigano ihendutse n'ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku biti birakomeye cyane ku buryo bidashobora kuzuza ibisabwa. Igiciro cyimigano yuzuye nibiti byibiti hamwe na adsorption idakabije yazamutse.
Ikibazo kimwe na rubber, silicone rubber na plastike.
3. Ibikoresho birashobora kugabanywa mubice bikurikira: ibikoresho byicyuma (ibyuma bya fer, ibyuma bidafite fer, ibyuma byagaciro), ibikoresho bidafite ingufu (sima, ikirahure, ceramika), ibikoresho bya polymer (plastike, reberi, fibre) na ibikoresho. Ibikoresho bitatu by'ibanze: ibyuma, inorganic na polymer. Ibyiza bya polymers nuburemere bworoshye, imbaraga nyinshi, gutunganya byoroshye, no gukorera mu mucyo. Nibihe bikoresho utekereza ko bishobora kugerwaho?
Ubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho ntibishobora gusimburwa byoroshye. Ibintu bigize imiterere nuburyo bwibintu bigena ahanini ibintu nyamukuru byibintu. Imikorere irashobora kunozwa hifashishijwe tekinoroji yo gutunganya ibikoresho.
Kwangirika kwa polymers nikibazo rwose. Kugeza ubu, abashakashatsi nabo barimo gukora cyane, ariko iterambere riratinda. Kubireba ejo hazaza, ikoreshwa rya plastike rizagenzurwa ahantu bidakenewe gukoresha plastiki, ariko haracyari uburyo bwo kubisimbuza ahantu hamwe na hamwe.
