Imodoka yihutirwa itangira gutanga amashanyarazi nigikorwa kinini kigendanwa kigendanwa cyatezimbere kubakunda imodoka nabacuruzi batwara kandi bagenda. Igikorwa cyacyo kiranga ni ugutangira imodoka mugihe itakaje amashanyarazi cyangwa ntishobora gutangira imodoka kubwizindi mpamvu. Muri icyo gihe, pompe yo mu kirere ihujwe no gutanga amashanyarazi yihutirwa, kumurika hanze ndetse nindi mirimo, kikaba ari kimwe mubicuruzwa byingenzi byogukora ingendo hanze.
Imodoka yihutirwa yo gutangira imbaraga: Gutangira imodoka
Porogaramu y'ubuzima: imodoka, terefone zigendanwa, ikaye
Ibicuruzwa biranga: LED isanzwe yumucyo wera
Ibyiza: gusohora umuvuduko mwinshi, gusubiramo, gutwara
Ubwoko bwa Bateri: bateri ya aside-aside, bateri ihindagurika, batiri ya lithium
Gutangiza muri make ibinyabiziga bitangira amashanyarazi:
Igishushanyo mbonera cyibinyabiziga byihutirwa gutangira amashanyarazi biroroshye gukora, byoroshye gutwara, kandi birashobora gutabara mubihe byihutirwa bitandukanye. Kugeza ubu, hari ubwoko bubiri bwibanze bwihutirwa bwo gutangiza amashanyarazi kumasoko, bumwe ni ubwoko bwa batiri ya aside-aside, naho ubundi ni ubwoko bwa lithium polymer.
Ubwoko bwa batiri ya aside-acide yubwoko bwihutirwa bwo gutangiza amashanyarazi birasanzwe.Bikoresha bateri-yubusa idafite aside-aside, nini cyane mubwinshi nubunini, kandi ubushobozi bwa bateri ihuye nogutangira amashanyarazi nabyo bizaba binini. Ibicuruzwa nkibi muri rusange bifite pompe yo mu kirere, kandi bifite n'imikorere nko kurenza urugero, kurenza urugero, kwishyuza ibirenze, no kurinda ibyerekezo byerekana kurinda, bishobora kwishyuza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bya elegitoroniki, kandi ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bifite imikorere nka inverter.
Litiyumu polymer yihutirwa itangira amashanyarazi kubinyabiziga birasa naho ni ibicuruzwa byagaragaye vuba aha. Nibyoroshye muburemere kandi byoroshye mubunini kandi birashobora kugenzurwa nukuboko kumwe. Ubu bwoko bwibicuruzwa ntabwo busanzwe bufite pompe yumuyaga, bufite ibikorwa byo guhagarika ibicuruzwa birenze urugero, kandi bifite ibikorwa byo kumurika cyane, bishobora gutanga ingufu kubicuruzwa bitandukanye bya elegitoroniki. Kumurika ubu bwoko bwibicuruzwa muri rusange bifite umurimo wo kumurika cyangwa SOS ya kure ya LED yo gutabara ibimenyetso, nibyiza cyane.
Gusaba ubuzima:
1. Imodoka: Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa batiri-acide ya batiri yo gutangiza imodoka, intera igereranijwe ni amperes 350-1000, kandi nini ntarengwa yimodoka ya lithium polymer yatangiriye igomba kuba 300-400 amperes. Mu rwego rwo gutanga ibyoroshye, ibinyabiziga byihutirwa bitangira amashanyarazi biroroshye, birigendanwa kandi biramba.Ni umufasha mwiza mugutangira imodoka byihutirwa. Irashobora gutanga imbaraga zifasha gutangiza ibinyabiziga byinshi nubwato buto.Birashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkibikoresho 12V DC bitanga amashanyarazi kugirango utegure imodoka.Bikoreshwa mubihe byihutirwa.
2. Ikaye: Imodoka nyinshi zihutirwa zitangira amashanyarazi zitanga amashanyarazi ya 19V, zishobora gutanga amashanyarazi ahamye kumashanyarazi kugirango ikaye kugirango bamwe mubacuruzi basohoke. Imikorere yubuzima bwa bateri yikaye igabanya ibintu bigira ingaruka kuri Akazi. Muri rusange, 12000 mAh bateri ya polymer igomba kuba ishobora gutanga iminota 240 yubuzima bwa bateri kubitabo.
3. Terefone igendanwa: Imodoka itangiza amashanyarazi nayo ifite ibikoresho 5V bitanga ingufu, bifasha ubuzima bwa bateri no gutanga amashanyarazi kubikoresho byinshi by'imyidagaduro nka terefone igendanwa, PAD, MP3, nibindi.
4. Ifaranga: rifite pompe yo mu kirere hamwe nubwoko butatu bwo mu kirere, bishobora kuzamura amapine yimodoka, indangagaciro zifaranga, nudupira dutandukanye.
Ubwoko n'ibiranga:
Kugeza ubu, ubwoko bukurikira bwihutirwa bwo gutangiza ingufu zikoreshwa cyane cyane kwisi, ariko uko bwaba bumeze kose, bafite ibisabwa byinshi kugirango igipimo cyo gusohoka. Kurugero, ikigezweho cya bateri ya aside-acide mumagare yamashanyarazi na bateri ya lithium mumashanyarazi ya terefone igendanwa ntabwo iri kure bihagije kugirango utangire imodoka.
1. Acide aside:
a. Batteri gakondo ya aside irike-acide: Ibyiza nibiciro biri hasi, biramba cyane, umutekano wubushyuhe bwo hejuru; ibibi ni byinshi, kwishyuza kenshi no kubungabunga, acide sulfurike iroroshye kumeneka cyangwa gukama, kandi ntishobora gukoreshwa munsi ya 0 ° C. .
b. Bateri yatetse: Ibyiza nibiciro bihendutse, bito kandi byoroshye, umutekano wubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ubushyuhe buke buri munsi -10 ℃ birashobora gukoreshwa, kubungabunga byoroshye, kuramba; ibibi ni uko ingano nuburemere bwa bateri ya lithium ari nini, n'imikorere ni munsi ya bateri ya lithium.
2. Litiyumu ion:
a. Bateri ya polymer lithium cobalt oxyde: Ibyiza ni bito, byiza, byinshi-bikora, byoroshye, kandi birebire igihe kirekire; ibibi ni uko bizaturika mubushyuhe bwinshi, ntibishobora gukoreshwa mubushyuhe buke, umuzenguruko urinda biragoye, ntishobora kuremererwa cyane, ubushobozi ni buto, kandi ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bihenze.
b. Batiri ya Litiyumu ya fosifate: Ibyiza ni bito kandi byoroshye, byiza, igihe kirekire cyo guhagarara, kuramba, kuramba cyane kurenza bateri ya polymer, kandi birashobora gukoreshwa mubushyuhe buke buri munsi ya -10 ° C; ibibi ni uko ubushyuhe bwinshi hejuru 70 ° C nta mutekano uhari kandi uruziga rwo kurinda ruragoye.Ubushobozi ni buto ugereranije na bateri yakomeretse kandi igiciro gihenze kuruta bateri ya polymer.
3. Ubushobozi:
Ubushobozi buhebuje: ibyiza ni bito kandi byoroshye, ibintu byinshi bisohora ibintu, kwishyuza byihuse, no kuramba; ibibi ni umutekano muke hejuru yubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 70 ℃, uruziga rukomeye rwo kurinda, ubushobozi buke, kandi bihenze cyane.
ibiranga ibicuruzwa:
1. Imodoka yihutirwa itangira amashanyarazi irashobora gukongeza imodoka zose zisohoka 12V za batiri, ariko ibicuruzwa bishobora gukoreshwa byimodoka zitandukanye zimuka zitandukanye bizaba bitandukanye, kandi birashobora gutanga serivisi nko gutabara byihutirwa;
2. LED isanzwe yumucyo wera wera, urumuri rwo kuburira, hamwe na SOS yerekana urumuri, umufasha mwiza wurugendo;
3. Imodoka yihutirwa itangira amashanyarazi ntabwo ishigikira gusa gutangira ibinyabiziga byihutirwa, ahubwo inashyigikira ibisubizo bitandukanye, harimo 5V bisohoka (gushyigikira ibicuruzwa byose bigendanwa nka terefone igendanwa), ibisohoka 12V (gushyigikira router nibindi bicuruzwa), 19V ibisohoka (gushyigikira ibicuruzwa byinshi bya mudasobwa igendanwa)), byongera ibikorwa byinshi mubuzima;
4. Imodoka yihutirwa yo gutangiza amashanyarazi ifite ibyuma byubatswe bitarimo aside-acide-acide, kandi hariho na bateri ikora cyane ya polymer lithium-ion, ifite amahitamo menshi;
5. Lithium-ion polymer ibinyabiziga byihutirwa gutangira amashanyarazi bitanga ubuzima burebure bwa serivisi, kwishyuza no gusohora ibintu bishobora kugera inshuro zirenga 500, kandi birashobora gutangira imodoka inshuro 20 mugihe byuzuye (bateri irerekanwa muri 5 utubari) (umwanditsi akoresha ibi, ntabwo ibirango byose);
6. Amashanyarazi ya acide-acide yihuta yo gutanga amashanyarazi afite pompe yumuyaga ufite umuvuduko wa 120PSI (ishusho yerekana), ishobora koroshya ifaranga.
7. Icyitonderwa kidasanzwe: Urwego rwa bateri ya lithium-ion polymer yihutirwa itangira amashanyarazi igomba kuba hejuru yumubari 3 mbere yuko imodoka ishobora gutwikwa, kugirango idatwika imodoka yihutirwa itangiza amashanyarazi. Gusa wibuke kuyishyuza.
Amabwiriza:
1. Kuramo feri yintoki, shyira clutch muri neutre, reba icyerekezo gitangira, igomba kuba mumwanya wa OFF.
2. Nyamuneka shyira intangiriro yihutirwa kubutaka butajegajega cyangwa urubuga rutagenda, kure ya moteri n'umukandara.
3. Huza clip nziza itukura (+) ya "itangira ryihutirwa" na electrode nziza ya bateri idafite imbaraga. Kandi urebe neza ko ihuriro rikomeye.
4. Huza clip yumukara wibikoresho (-) bya "byihutirwa byihutirwa" kuri pole yimodoka, hanyuma urebe ko ihuza rikomeye.
5. Reba neza kandi ushikamye.
6. Tangira imodoka (bitarenze amasegonda 5) Niba gutangira bitagenze neza, nyamuneka utegereze amasegonda arenze 5.
7. Nyuma yo gutsinda, kura clamp itari nziza kuri pole.
8. Kuraho clip nziza itukura ya "byihutirwa bitangira" (bakunze kwita "Cross River Dragon") muri terefone nziza ya bateri.
9. Nyamuneka shyira bateri nyuma yo kuyikoresha.
Tangira kwishyuza amashanyarazi:
Nyamuneka koresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe byamashanyarazi byatanzwe. Mbere yo kuyikoresha kunshuro yambere, nyamuneka kwishyuza igikoresho cyamasaha 12. Bateri ya lithium-ion polymer mubusanzwe irashobora kwishyurwa byuzuye mumasaha 4. Ntabwo ari ndende nkuko bivugwa ko igihe kirekire, nibyiza. Kubungabunga bateri idafite aside-aside isaba ibihe bitandukanye byo kwishyuza bitewe nubushobozi bwibicuruzwa, ariko igihe cyo kwishyuza akenshi ni kirekire kuruta icya bateri ya lithium polymer.
Intambwe yo kwishyuza Litiyumu polymer:
1. Shyiramo umugozi wogutanga amashanyarazi wacometse kumugozi "wihutirwa utangira" wishyuza hanyuma wemeze ko ufite umutekano.
2. Shira urundi ruhande rwumuriro wumuriro mumashanyarazi hanyuma wemeze ko ari umutekano. (220V)
3. Muri iki gihe, ibipimo byo kwishyuza bizamurika, byerekana ko kwishyuza biri gukorwa.
4. Nyuma yo kwishyuza birangiye, urumuri rwerekana ruzimya hanyuma rusigara isaha 1 kugirango umenye ko voltage ya bateri igera kubisabwa, bivuze ko yuzuye.
5. Igihe cyo kwishyuza ntigishobora kurenza amasaha 24.
Kubungabunga bidafite amashanyarazi-acide ya batiri yo kwishyuza:
1. Shyiramo umugozi wogutanga amashanyarazi wacometse kumugozi wa "byihutirwa utangira" hanyuma wizere ko ari umutekano.
2. Shira urundi ruhande rwumuriro wumuriro mumashanyarazi hanyuma wemeze ko ari umutekano. (220V)
3. Muri iki gihe, ibipimo byo kwishyuza bizamurika, byerekana ko kwishyuza biri gukorwa.
4. Nyuma yumucyo werekana icyatsi, bivuze ko kwishyuza byuzuye.
5. Kubikoresha bwa mbere, birasabwa kwishyuza igihe kirekire.
gusubiramo:
Kugirango ugere ku buzima ntarengwa bwa serivisi yimodoka itangira gutanga amashanyarazi, birasabwa ko imashini ikomeza kwishyurwa igihe cyose.Niba amashanyarazi atagumijwe neza, ubuzima bwamashanyarazi buzagabanuka. Niba atari byo mukoresha, nyamuneka reba neza ko yishyurwa kandi isohoka buri mezi 3.
Ihame shingiro:
Imbaraga zububiko bwimodoka nyinshi zigomba gukurikiza amahame shingiro mugihe zishushanyije, ariko ntabwo buriwashushanyije afite gusobanukirwa neza naya mahame. Ibikurikira naya mahame atandatu yibanze agomba gukurikizwa mugushushanya ingufu zububiko.
1. Kwinjiza voltage VIN urwego: intera yinzibacyuho ya 12V yumubyigano wa batiri igena voltage yinjira murwego rwo guhindura ingufu IC
Ubusanzwe imodoka ya batiri yimodoka ni 9V kugeza 16V.Moteri yazimye, voltage nominal ya bateri yimodoka iba 12V; mugihe moteri ikora, voltage ya batiri iba hafi 14.4V. Ariko, mubihe bitandukanye, voltage yinzibacyuho nayo ishobora kugera kuri ± 100V. Inganda ISO7637-1 isobanura urwego rwa voltage ihindagurika ya bateri yimodoka. Imiterere yumurongo werekana ku gishushanyo cya 1 n’ishusho ya 2 ni igice cyumurongo utangwa nu gipimo cya ISO7637.Iki gishushanyo cyerekana ibihe bikomeye ibintu bihindura ingufu zikoresha amamodoka menshi agomba kuba yujuje. Usibye ISO7637-1, hari bateri ikora hamwe nibidukikije bisobanurwa na moteri ya gaze. Byinshi mubisobanuro bishya byasabwe nabakora inganda zitandukanye za OEM kandi ntabwo byanze bikunze bikurikiza amahame yinganda. Nyamara, ibipimo byose bishya bisaba sisitemu kugira ingufu zirenze urugero no kurinda amashanyarazi.
2. Ibitekerezo byo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe: gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bigomba gutegurwa ukurikije imikorere mike yo guhindura DC-DC
Kubisabwa hamwe no gutembera nabi kwikirere cyangwa no kutagira ikirere, niba ubushyuhe bwibidukikije buri hejuru (> 30 ° C) kandi hari isoko yubushyuhe (> 1W) mukigo, igikoresho kizahita gishyuha (> 85 ° C) . Kurugero, ibyuma byongera amajwi bigomba gushyirwaho kumashanyarazi kandi bigomba gutanga uburyo bwiza bwo kuzenguruka ikirere kugirango ubushyuhe bugabanuke. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bya PCB hamwe nigice runaka cyambaye umuringa bifasha kunoza uburyo bwo guhererekanya ubushyuhe, kugirango bigere ku bihe byiza byo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe. Niba icyuma gishyuha kidakoreshejwe, ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwa padi yagaragaye kuri paki bugarukira kuri 2W kugeza 3W (85 ° C). Mugihe ubushyuhe bwibidukikije bwiyongera, ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe buzagabanuka cyane.
Iyo ingufu za bateri zahinduwe mumashanyarazi make (urugero: 3.3V) ibisohoka, umugenzuzi wumurongo azakoresha 75% yingufu zinjiza, kandi imikorere iba mike cyane. Kugirango utange 1W yingufu zisohoka, 3W yingufu zizakoreshwa nkubushyuhe. Bitewe nubushyuhe bwibidukikije hamwe nurubanza / guhuza ubushyuhe bwumuriro, ingufu za 1W ntarengwa zizagabanuka cyane. Kuri voltage nyinshi DC-DC ihindura, mugihe ibyasohotse biri murwego rwa 150mA kugeza 200mA, LDO irashobora gutanga imikorere ihanitse.
Guhindura ingufu za bateri kuri voltage nkeya (urugero: 3.3V), mugihe ingufu zigeze kuri 3W, impinduka zo murwego rwohejuru zihinduranya zigomba gutoranywa, zishobora gutanga ingufu zisohoka zirenga 30W. Ninimpamvu nyayo ituma abakora amashanyarazi batanga ibinyabiziga bahitamo guhinduranya amashanyarazi no kwanga imiterere gakondo ya LDO.
3. Umuyoboro utuje (IQ) no guhagarika amashanyarazi (ISD)
Hamwe nubwiyongere bwihuse bwumubare wibikoresho bya elegitoronike (ECUs) mumodoka, amashanyarazi yose akoreshwa muri bateri yimodoka nayo ariyongera. Ndetse iyo moteri yazimye na bateri irangiye, ibice bimwe bya ECU biracyakomeza gukora. Kugirango tumenye neza ko IQ ikora ihagaze IQ iri murwego rushobora kugenzurwa, abakora OEM benshi batangira kugabanya IQ ya buri ECU. Kurugero, EU isabwa ni: 100μA / ECU. Ibipimo byinshi by’ibinyabiziga by’Uburayi bivuga ko agaciro gasanzwe ka ECU IQ kari munsi ya 100μA. Ibikoresho bihora bikomeza gukora, nka CAN transceivers, amasaha nyayo, hamwe na microcontroller ikoreshwa ni byo byibanze kuri ECU IQ, kandi igishushanyo mbonera cyo gutanga amashanyarazi gikeneye gusuzuma ingengo yimari ya IQ.
4. Kugenzura ibiciro: Ubwumvikane buke bwabakora OEM hagati yikiguzi nibisobanuro ni ikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kumafaranga yo gutanga amashanyarazi
Kubicuruzwa byakozwe cyane, ikiguzi nikintu cyingenzi kigomba kwitabwaho mugushushanya. Ubwoko bwa PCB, ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, amahitamo ya pake nizindi mbogamizi zishushanyije mubyukuri bigarukira kumafaranga yumushinga runaka. Kurugero, ukoresheje ikibaho cyibice 4 FR4 hamwe numurongo umwe CM3, ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwa PCB buzaba butandukanye cyane.
Ingengo yimishinga nayo izaganisha ku zindi mbogamizi.Abakoresha barashobora kwemera ECUs igiciro cyinshi, ariko ntibazakoresha igihe n'amafaranga muguhindura ibishushanyo mbonera bitanga amashanyarazi. Kubintu bimwe bihenze cyane byiterambere ryiterambere, abashushanya ibintu gusa bahindura bimwe byoroshye kubisanzwe bitanga amashanyarazi adasanzwe.
5. Umwanya / imiterere: PCB n'ibigize muburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi bizagabanya imikorere rusange yumuriro w'amashanyarazi
Igishushanyo mbonera, imiterere yumurongo wumuzunguruko, kumva urusaku, ibibazo byinshi byo guhuza imbaho, hamwe nibindi bibuza imiterere bizagabanya igishushanyo mbonera cy’amashanyarazi menshi. Gukoresha ingingo-yumutwaro kugirango ubyare imbaraga zose zikenewe nabyo bizaganisha kumafaranga menshi, kandi ntabwo ari byiza guhuza ibice byinshi kuri chip imwe. Abashinzwe gutanga amashanyarazi bakeneye guhuza imikorere ya sisitemu muri rusange, imbogamizi zubukanishi, nigiciro ukurikije ibisabwa byumushinga.
6. Imirasire y'amashanyarazi
Umuriro w'amashanyarazi uhindagurika ibihe bizatanga imirasire ya electromagnetique.Uburemere bwimirasire biterwa ninshuro hamwe na amplitike yumurima.Ivangitirane rya electromagnetique ryatewe numuzunguruko umwe rikora rizagira ingaruka kumuzunguruko. Kurugero, kwivanga kumirongo ya radio birashobora gutuma umuyaga wogukora nabi.Mu rwego rwo kwirinda izo ngaruka mbi, abakora OEM bashizeho imipaka ntarengwa y’imishwarara ya elegitoroniki ya ECU.
Kugirango ugumane imirasire ya electronique (EMI) murwego rwagenzuwe, ubwoko, topologiya, guhitamo ibice bya periferique, imiterere yumuzunguruko no gukingira DC-DC ihindura byose ni ngombwa cyane. Nyuma yimyaka yo kwirundanya, abashushanya imbaraga IC bashizeho uburyo butandukanye bwo kugabanya EMI. Guhuza amasaha yo hanze, inshuro zikoreshwa kurenza AM modulation frequency band, yubatswe muri MOSFET, tekinoroji yo guhinduranya byoroshye, gukwirakwiza tekinoroji ya tekinoroji, nibindi byose nibisubizo bya EMI byo guhagarika byatangijwe mumyaka yashize.
