Asayansi adalimbikitsidwa ndi Pac-Man ndipo adapanga "malo odyera" apulasitiki, omwe angathandize kuthana ndi zinyalala zapulasitiki.
Amakhala ndi michere iwiri-PETase ndi MHETase yopangidwa ndi bakiteriya wotchedwa Ideonella sakaiensis yemwe amadya mabotolo apulasitiki.
Mosiyana ndi kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe, komwe kumatenga zaka mazana ambiri, enzyme yayikuluyi imatha kusintha pulasitiki kukhala "zigawo" zake zoyambirira m'masiku ochepa.
Ma enzyme awiriwa amagwirira ntchito limodzi, ngati "Pac-Man yolumikizidwa ndi kachingwe" kutafunafuna mpira.
Enzyme yatsopanoyi imagaya pulasitiki kasanu ndi kamodzi mwachangu kuposa enzyme yoyambirira ya PETase yomwe idapezeka mu 2018.
Cholinga chake ndi polyethylene terephthalate (PET), yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mabotolo a zakumwa, zovala, ndi makapeti, omwe nthawi zambiri amatenga zaka mazana ambiri kuti awonongeke m'deralo.
Pulofesa John McGeehan waku University of Portsmouth adauza bungwe lofalitsa nkhani la PA kuti pakadali pano, tikupeza zinthuzi kuchokera kuzinthu zakale monga mafuta ndi gasi. Izi ndizosadalirika.
"Koma ngati tingathe kuwonjezera ma enzyme kuti ataye pulasitiki, titha kuwononga masiku angapo."
Mu 2018, Pulofesa McGeehan ndi gulu lake adakumana ndi mtundu wa enzyme wotchedwa PETase womwe ungathe kuwononga pulasitiki m'masiku ochepa okha.
Pakafukufuku wawo watsopano, gulu lofufuzira lidasakaniza PETase ndi enzyme ina yotchedwa MHETase ndipo idapeza kuti "kusungunuka kwa mabotolo apulasitiki kwatsala pang'ono kuwirikiza."
Kenako, ofufuzawo adagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa majini kulumikiza ma enzyme awiriwa limodzi mu labotale, monga "kulumikiza Pac-Man ndi chingwe."
"PETase iwononga mawonekedwe apulasitiki, ndipo MHETase apitiliza kudula, chifukwa chake onani ngati tingazigwiritse ntchito limodzi kutsanzira momwe zinthu ziliri m'chilengedwe, zikuwoneka ngati zachilengedwe." Pulofesa McGeehan adati.
"Kuyesera kwathu koyamba kudawonetsa kuti amagwira ntchito bwino limodzi, chifukwa chake tidaganiza zoyesa kulumikizana nawo."
"Ndife okondwa kwambiri kuwona kuti enzyme yathu yatsopano ya chimeric imathamanga katatu kuposa njira yodziyimira payokha yopanga enzyme, yomwe imatsegula njira zatsopano zopititsira patsogolo zina."
Pulofesa McGeehan adagwiritsanso ntchito Daimondi Light Source, synchrotron yomwe ili ku Oxfordshire. Imagwiritsa ntchito X-ray yamphamvu yowala kwambiri nthawi 10 biliyoni kuposa dzuwa ngati maikulosikopu, yomwe ndi yolimba mokwanira kuwona ma atomu amodzi.
Izi zidalola gulu lofufuzira kuti lidziwe mapangidwe atatu a enzyme ya MHETase ndikuwapatsa dongosolo la mamolekyule kuti ayambe kupanga makina a enzyme mwachangu.
Kuphatikiza pa PET, enzyme yayikulu iyi itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa PEF (polyethylene furanate), yopangidwa ndi shuga yopangira mabotolo amowa, ngakhale singathe kuwononga mitundu ina ya pulasitiki.
Gululi pakadali pano likufunafuna njira zopititsira patsogolo njira zowonongera kuti ukadaulo uzigwiritsidwa ntchito pazamalonda.
Pulofesa McGeehan anati: "Tikamapanga ma enzyme mwachangu, timawola mapulasitiki mwachangu, ndikukweza malonda ake," anatero Pulofesa McGeehan.
Kafukufukuyu adasindikizidwa mu Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.
