Kugeza ubu, Maroc ifite inganda zikora imiti zigera kuri 40, abagurisha 50 hamwe na farumasi zirenga 11,000. Abitabiriye imiyoboro yayo yo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge barimo inganda zimiti, abadandaza, farumasi, ibitaro n’amavuriro. Muri byo, 20% by'imiti igurishwa mu buryo butaziguye binyuze mu nzira igurishwa, ni ukuvuga uruganda rukora imiti na farumasi, ibitaro n'amavuriro birangiza ibikorwa byuzuye. Byongeye kandi, 80% byibiyobyabwenge bigurishwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwo kugurisha 50.
Muri 2013, uruganda rukora imiti muri Maroc rwakoresheje 10,000 mu buryo butaziguye na hafi 40.000 mu buryo butaziguye, hamwe n’umusaruro ungana na miliyari 11 AED no gukoresha amacupa agera kuri miliyoni 400. Muri byo, 70% by'ibicuruzwa bikorerwa mu nganda zikora imiti, naho 30% isigaye itumizwa mu Burayi cyane cyane Ubufaransa.
1. Ibipimo byubuziranenge
Uruganda rukora imiti muri Maroc rwemeza sisitemu mpuzamahanga yubuziranenge. Ishami rya Farumasi n’imiti ya Minisiteri y’ubuzima ya Maroc ishinzwe kugenzura inganda zikora imiti. Motorola ikoresha cyane cyane uburyo bwiza bwo gukora (GMP) yashyizweho n’umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi, Ikigo cy’ubuvuzi cy’i Burayi n’ubuyobozi bushinzwe ibiryo n’ibiyobyabwenge muri Amerika. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ryerekana urutonde rw’inganda zikora imiti muri Maroc nk'akarere k'Uburayi.
Byongeye kandi, nubwo ibiyobyabwenge byinjira ku isoko ryaho muri Maroc muburyo bwintangarugero cyangwa impano, baracyakeneye uruhushya rwo kwamamaza (AMM) mubuyobozi bwa leta. Ubu buryo buragoye kandi butwara igihe.
2. Sisitemu y'ibiciro byibiyobyabwenge
Sisitemu yo kugena ibiyobyabwenge muri Maroc yashinzwe mu myaka ya za 1960, kandi Minisiteri y’ubuzima igena ibiciro by’ibiyobyabwenge. Minisiteri y’ubuzima ya Maroc igena igiciro cy’imiti nkiyi yakozwe n’uruganda rwa farumasi hifashishijwe imiti isa na Maroc no mu bindi bihugu. Muri icyo gihe, itegeko ryateganyaga ko igipimo cyo gukwirakwiza igiciro cya nyuma cy’imiti (usibye TVA) cyari gikurikira: 60% ku nganda zikora imiti, 10% ku bagurisha ibicuruzwa, na 30% kuri farumasi. Byongeye kandi, igiciro cyimiti rusange yakozwe kunshuro yambere kiri munsi ya 30% ugereranije nibi biyobyabwenge byemewe, kandi ibiciro byibiyobyabwenge nkibi byakozwe nandi masosiyete yimiti bizagenda bigabanuka.
Ariko, kutagira umucyo muri gahunda y’ibiciro byatumye ibiciro by’ibiyobyabwenge byazamuka muri Maroc. Nyuma ya 2010, guverinoma yagiye ivugurura buhoro buhoro gahunda y’ibiciro by’ibiyobyabwenge kugira ngo ikore neza kandi igabanye ibiciro by’ibiyobyabwenge. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2011, guverinoma yagabanije ibiciro by'ibiyobyabwenge ku rugero runini inshuro enye, birimo ibiyobyabwenge birenga 2000. Muri byo, igabanuka ry’ibiciro muri Kamena 2014 ryarimo ibiyobyabwenge 1.578. Igabanuka ry’ibiciro ryatumye igabanuka rya mbere ry’imiti yagurishijwe binyuze muri farumasi mu myaka 15, ku gipimo cya 2.7% kugeza kuri miliyari 8.7.
3. Amabwiriza yerekeye ishoramari no gushinga inganda
"Amategeko y’ubuvuzi n’ubuvuzi" muri Maroc (Itegeko No 17-04) ateganya ko ishyirwaho ry’amasosiyete y’imiti muri Maroc risaba kwemezwa na Minisiteri y’ubuzima n’inama y’igihugu y’aba farumasi, kandi byemejwe n’ubunyamabanga bwa leta.
Guverinoma ya Maroc ntabwo ifite politiki yihariye y’abashoramari b’amahanga gushinga inganda z’imiti muri Maroc, ariko barashobora kwishimira politiki rusange. "Itegeko ry’ishoramari" (Itegeko No 18-95) ryatangajwe mu 1995 riteganya politiki y’imisoro itandukanye yo gushishikariza no guteza imbere ishoramari. Dukurikije ibiteganijwe mu kigega cyo guteza imbere ishoramari cyashyizweho n’itegeko, ku mishinga y’ishoramari ishoramari rya dirhamu zirenga miliyoni 200 no guhanga imirimo 250, Leta izatanga inkunga na politiki y’ibanze yo kugura ubutaka, kubaka ibikorwa remezo, na amahugurwa y'abakozi. Kugera kuri 20%, 5% na 20%. Mu Kuboza 2014, komite ishinzwe ishoramari muri guverinoma ya Maroc yatangaje ko izagabanya umubare w’inyungu uva kuri miliyoni 200 dirhamu ukagera kuri miliyoni 100.
Nk’uko isesengura ry’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’ubucuruzi cy’Ubushinwa na Afurika kibitangaza, nubwo 30% by’isoko ry’imiti muri Maroc rigomba gushingira ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, ibipimo ngenderwaho by’inganda z’imiti byashyizwe ku rutonde n’umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi nk’akarere k’Uburayi byiganjemo Uburayi. Amasosiyete y'Abashinwa ashaka gufungura isoko ry’imiti n’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi akeneye kugenzura ibintu byinshi nka gahunda yo kumenyekanisha ndetse n’ubuziranenge.
