1. Mmalite nke okwu a "resin"
Plastic bụ ihe nwere nnukwu polymer dị ka isi ihe mejupụtara. Ihe ndi mejuputara bu ihe eji eme ya na ihe eji acho ihe, ihe ndi na enye ihe ndi ozo, ndi na edozi, ndi mmanu, ihe ndi ozo na ihe ndi ozo. Ọ bụ na a mmiri mmiri ala n'oge n'ichepụta na nhazi ikwado ịme ngosi uwe, Ọ na-egosi a siri ike udi mgbe nhazi na dechara. Isi ihe nke plastik bụ resin sịntetik. A na - akpọ resins aha mbụ site na lipids nke anụmanụ na osisi zoro ezo, dị ka rosin, shellac, wdg. Mkpụrụ sịntetik (mgbe ụfọdụ a na - akpọ "resins") na - ezo aka na polymer dị elu na - agwakọtaghị ya na mgbakwunye dị iche iche. Ihe resin ahụ na-eme ihe dị ka 40% gaa na 100% nke ngụkọta nke plastik. Ngwongwo ihe eji eme plastik bu ihe kpebisiri ike site na ihe nke resin, ma ihe mgbakwunye na-ekerekwa oke aka.
2. Gịnị mere eji gbanwee plastik?
Ihe a akpọrọ “mmegharị plastik” na-arụtụ aka na usoro ịgbakwunye otu ma ọ bụ karịa ihe ndị ọzọ na resin plastik iji gbanwee arụmọrụ mbụ ya, melite otu ma ọ bụ karịa akụkụ, wee si otu a mezuo ebumnuche nke ịgbasa ọtụtụ ngwa ya. A na-achịkọta ihe plastik ndị a gbanwere agbanwe dị ka "plastik gbanwetụrụ".
Ruo ugbu a, nyocha na mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalị emepụtala ọtụtụ puku ihe polymer, nke naanị ihe karịrị 100 nwere uru ụlọ ọrụ. Ihe kariri 90% nke ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe maka plastik bu ihe ndi ozo di iche iche (PE, PP, PVC, PS, ABS) Ugbu a, o siri ezigbo ike ịnọgide na-etinye ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ihe polymer ọhụrụ, nke abughi uru ma obu ezi uche.
Ya mere, nyocha miri emi banyere mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ngwakọta polymer, usoro na arụmọrụ, na mgbanwe nke plastik dị ugbu a na ntọala a, iji mepụta ihe ọhụụ ọhụrụ kwesịrị ekwesị, abụrụla otu ụzọ dị mma iji mepụta ụlọ ọrụ plastik. Industrylọ ọrụ plastik mmekọahụ enwewokwa ọganihu dị ukwuu n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya.
Mgbanwe plastik na-ezo aka na-agbanwe ihe onwunwe nke ihe plastik na ntụziaka nke ndị mmadụ na-atụ anya ya site na anụ ahụ, kemịkalụ ma ọ bụ ụzọ abụọ, ma ọ bụ iji belata ọnụ ahịa, ma ọ bụ iji meziwanye ụfọdụ ihe, ma ọ bụ inye plastik Ọrụ ọhụrụ nke ihe. Usoro mgbanwe nwere ike ime n'oge polymerization nke resin sịntetik, ya bụ, mgbanwe kemịkalụ, dị ka copolymerization, grafting, crosslinking, wdg, nwekwara ike duzie n'oge nhazi nke resin sịntetik, ya bụ, mgbanwe anụ ahụ, dịka ndochi na co-polymerization. Gwakọta, nkwalite, wdg Zaghachi na "plastic gbanwere" iji hụkwuo
3. Kedu usoro mgbanwe nke plastic?
1. E nwere Olee ihe enyemaka ndị na-esonụ ụdị nke plastic mgbanwe ụzọ:
1) Ndozi: Ebumnuche nke ịbawanye ike na ike nke ihe a na-enweta site na ịgbakwunye fibrous ma ọ bụ flake fillers dị ka eriri iko, eriri carbon, na mica ntụ ntụ, dị ka iko iko na-agba ume na-eji na ngwaọrụ ike.
2) Mgbasi ike: Ebumnuche iji meziwanye ike / mmetụta ike nke plastik na-enweta site na ịgbakwunye roba, elastomers thermoplastic na ihe ndị ọzọ na plastik, dị ka polypropylene toughened a na-ejikarị na ụgbọala, ngwa ụlọ na ngwa ụlọ ọrụ.
3) lendgwakọta: na-agwakọta ihe polymer abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa na-ezughị ezu na ngwakọta macro na micro-phase-iche iji mezuo ihe ụfọdụ achọrọ na usoro nke anụ ahụ na akụrụngwa, ngwa anya, na nhazi. Usoro achọrọ.
4) Alloy: dị ka agwakọta, mana ya na ndakọrịta dị n'etiti ihe dị iche iche, ọ dị mfe ịmepụta usoro homogeneous, yana ụfọdụ ihe onwunwe ndị na-enweghị ike ịnweta site na otu akụrụngwa, dịka PC / ABS alloy, ma ọ bụ PS gbanwere PPO, nwere ike ịbụ nwetara.
5) Na-ejuputa: Ebumnuche nke imeziwanye ihe anụ ahụ na nke igwe ma ọ bụ belata ụgwọ na-enweta site na ịgbakwunye fillers na plastik.
6) Mgbanwe ndị ọzọ: dị ka iji ihe nkedo ihe iji belata nrụgide eletriki nke plastik; mgbakwunye nke antioxidants / light stabilizers iji meziwanye nguzogide ihu igwe nke ihe; na mgbakwunye nke pigments / dyes ịgbanwe agba nke ihe, na mgbakwunye na nke ime / mpụga lubricants ka ihe The arụmọrụ nke nhazi nke ọkara crystalline plastic na-mma, na nucleating gị n'ụlọnga na-eji ịgbanwe crystalline àgwà nke ọkara crystalline plastic ka mma ya n'ibu na ngwa anya Njirimara, na na.
Na mgbakwunye na usoro mgbanwe anụ ahụ dị n'elu, enwerekwa ụzọ iji gbanwee plastik site na mmeghachi omume kemịkal iji nweta ihe ndị akọwapụtara, dịka maleic anhydride dọwara polyolefin, polyethylene crosslinking, na iji peroxides na ụlọ ọrụ akwa. Debe resin ahụ ka ọ dị mma iji meziwanye mmiri mmiri / ihe na-akpụ eriri, wdg. . Enwere ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche.
Industrylọ ọrụ ahụ na-ejikarị usoro mgbanwe dị iche iche ọnụ, dị ka ịgbakwunye roba na ndị ọzọ na-agbasi ike na usoro mgbanwe nke plastic iji ghara ịhapụ ike mmetụta dị ukwuu; ma ọ bụ ngwakọta anụ ahụ na mmepụta nke thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV) Na njikọ obe na ntanetị, wdg ...
N'ezie, ihe ọ bụla eji akwọ rọba nwere opekata mpe otu akụkụ nke ndị na-emezi ihe mgbe ọ hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ iji gbochie ya iweda mbibi n'oge nchekwa, njem na nhazi. Ya mere, "plastik na-abụghị nke gbanwere" n'echiche siri ike adịghị. Otú ọ dị, na ụlọ ọrụ, a na-akpọkarị resin bụ isi nke e mepụtara na mmiri ọgwụ dị ka "plastik na-agbanweghị agbanwe" ma ọ bụ "resin dị ọcha."
