Njengamanje, ngenhloso yokusheshisa ukwehlukaniswa kwezomnotho kuzwelonke futhi kukhuthaze ukwenziwa kwezimboni kuzwelonke, amazwe ase-Afrika asungule izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa izimboni. Ngokuya ngombiko kaDeloitte othi "African Automotive Industry In-depth Analysis Report", sihlaziya intuthuko yezimboni zezimoto eKenya nase-Ethiopia.
1. Sibutsetelo sentuthuko yonke yemboni yezimoto yase-Afrika
Izinga lemakethe yezimoto yase-Afrika liphansi kakhulu. Ngo-2014, inani lezimoto ezibhalisiwe e-Afrika laliyizigidi ezingama-42.5 kuphela, noma izimoto ezingama-44 kubantu abayinkulungwane, okungaphansi kakhulu kwesilinganiso somhlaba wonke sezimoto eziyi-180 kubantu abayinkulungwane. Ngo-2015, zilinganiselwa ku-15 500 izimoto ezangena ezimakethe zase-Afrika, ezingama-80% zazo zathengiselwa iNingizimu Afrika, i-Egypt, i-Algeria neMorocco, ezithuthukise ngokushesha amazwe ase-Afrika embonini yezimoto.
Ngenxa yemali engenayo elahlwayo kanye nezindleko eziphakeme zezimoto ezintsha, izimoto ezingamasekeni ezingenisiwe zingene ezimakethe ezinkulu e-Afrika. Amazwe angumthombo oyinhloko yi-United States, iYurophu neJapane. Thatha iKenya, i-Ethiopia neNigeria njengesibonelo, u-80% wezimoto zabo ezintsha zisebenzisa izimoto. Ngonyaka we-2014, inani lemikhiqizo yezimoto engenisiwe e-Afrika laliphindwe kane inani lalo lokuthumela ngaphandle, kanti inani lokuthekelisa lemikhiqizo yezimoto yaseNingizimu Afrika lalingama-75% wenani eliphelele le-Afrika.
Njengoba imboni yezimoto iyimboni ebalulekile ekhuthaza ukwenziwa kwamabhizinisi asekhaya, ithuthukisa ukwehluka komnotho, ihlinzeka ngokuqashwa, futhi inyuse imali engenayo yezimali zangaphandle, ohulumeni base-Afrika bafuna ngenkuthalo ukusheshisa intuthuko yezimboni zabo zezimoto.
2. Ukuqhathanisa isimo esikhona njengamanje embonini yezimoto eKenya nase-Ethiopia
IKenya ingumnotho omkhulu kunayo yonke eMpumalanga Afrika futhi idlala indima ebalulekile eMpumalanga Afrika. Imboni yomhlangano wezimoto yaseKenya inomlando omude wentuthuko, kuhambisana nesigaba esiphakathi esikhula ngokushesha, sithuthukisa ngokushesha imvelo yebhizinisi, kanye nohlelo lokufinyelela ezimakethe zesifunda nezinye izinto ezithandekayo, sinokuthambekela kokuthuthuka kube yisikhungo semboni yezimoto sesifunda.
I-Ethiopia kwakuyizwe elikhula ngesivinini esikhulu e-Afrika ngo-2015, linabantu besibili ngobukhulu e-Afrika. Iqhutshwa inqubo yezimboni yamabhizinisi kahulumeni kanye nohulumeni, imboni yayo yezimoto kulindeleke ukuthi iphinde ilingise okwenziwe ngempumelelo yentuthuko yaseChina ngawo-1980.
Imboni yezimoto eKenya nase-Ethiopia incintisana kakhulu. Uhulumeni wase-Ethiopia ukhiphe izinqubomgomo eziningi ezikhuthazayo, ukusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zokuncishiswa kwentela noma zezintela zezinhlobo ezithile zezimoto, nokuhlinzeka ngezinqubomgomo zokwehliswa kwentela nezokuxolelwa kwabatshali bezimali abakhiqizayo, okuheha inani elikhulu lotshalo-mali oluvela kwaChina Investment, BYD, Fawer, IGeely nezinye izinkampani zezimoto.
Uhulumeni waseKenya usungule nochungechunge lwezinyathelo zokukhuthaza ukwakhiwa komkhakha wezimoto nezingxenye, kepha ukuze kukhushulwe imali yentela, uhulumeni waqala ukuphoqa intela yemvume ezimotweni ezisetshenzisiwe ezingenisiwe ngonyaka ka-2015. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze khuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zezimoto ezifuywayo, kwabekwa intela yemvume engu-2% ezingxenyeni zezimoto ezingenisiwe ezingakhiqizwa kuleli, okuholele ekwehleni okungu-35% komkhiqizo kwikota yokuqala yonyaka wezi-2016.
3. Ukuhlaziywa okulindelekile kwemboni yezimoto eKenya nase-Ethiopia
Ngemuva kokuthi uhulumeni wase-Ethiopia enze umzila wakhe wokuthuthuka kwezimboni, wamukela izinqubomgomo ezisebenzayo nezingenzeka zokukhuthaza ukuqinisa ijubane lomkhakha wezokukhiqiza lokuheha utshalomali lwangaphandle, ngezinjongo ezicacile nezinqubomgomo ezisebenzayo. Yize isabelo samanje semakethe silinganiselwe, sizoba ngumncintiswano oqinile embonini yezimoto eMpumalanga Afrika.
Yize uhulumeni waseKenya ekhiphe uhlelo lokuthuthukisa izimboni, izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni ezisekelayo azicaci. Ezinye izinqubomgomo zivimbele intuthuko yezimboni. Imboni yonke yokukhiqiza ikhombisa ukuthambekela phansi futhi amathemba awaqinisekile.
I-African Trade Research Centre ihlaziye ukuthi ukuze kukhuthazwe ukwenziwa kwezimboni kuzwelonke, kukhuthazwe ukwehluka komnotho, kuhlinzeke imisebenzi, futhi kwandiswe imali yakwamanye amazwe, ohulumeni base-Afrika bafuna ngenkuthalo ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zabo zezimoto. Njengamanje, iNingizimu Afrika, i-Egypt, i-Algeria neMorocco ziphakathi kwamazwe akhula ngesivinini esikhulu embonini yezimoto e-Afrika. Njengoba iminotho emibili emikhulu eMpumalanga ye-Afrika, iKenya kanye ne-Ethiopia nazo zithuthukisa imboni yezimoto, kepha uma kuqhathaniswa, i-Ethiopia inamathuba amaningi okuba ngumholi wemboni yezimoto eMpumalanga Afrika.
Umhlahlandlela Wenhlangano Yezithuthi zase-Ethiopia
Inkomba Yenhlangano Yabakhiqizi Bezimoto baseKenya
