(African Trade Research Centre News) Imboni yezimoto yaseNingizimu Afrika ithonywe kakhulu ngabakhiqizi bokuqala. Ukwakheka nokuthuthukiswa komkhakha ezimakethe zasekhaya nezomhlaba wonke kuhlobene kakhulu namasu wabakhiqizi bokuqala. Ngokwe-Automobile Industry Export Council, iNingizimu Afrika imele indawo enkulu kunazo zonke e-Afrika yokukhiqiza izimoto. Ngo-2013, izimoto ezikhiqizwa eNingizimu Afrika zenze u-72% womkhiqizo wezwekazi.
Ngokombono wesakhiwo seminyaka yobudala, izwekazi lase-Afrika liyizwekazi elincane kunawo wonke. Isibalo sabantu abangaphansi kwama-20 sibala ama-50% esamba sabantu. INingizimu Afrika inomnotho oxubile wezwe lokuqala nelesithathu futhi inganikeza izinzuzo zezindleko ezindaweni eziningi. Ithathwa njengenye yezimakethe ezisathuthuka kakhulu emhlabeni.
Izinzuzo eziphambili zezwe zifaka phakathi ubuhle balo ngokwendawo kanye nengqalasizinda yezomnotho, amaminerali emvelo kanye nezinsizakusebenza zensimbi. INingizimu Afrika inezifundazwe eziyi-9, inabantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-52, nezilimi eziyi-11 ezisemthethweni. IsiNgisi ulimi olukhulunywa kakhulu nolwezamabhizinisi.
INingizimu Afrika kulindeleke ukuthi ikhiqize izimoto eziyizigidi eziyi-1.2 ngo-2020. Ngokwezibalo zango-2012, izingxenye nezingxenye ze-OEM zaseNingizimu Afrika zifinyelele ezigidigidini ezingama-5 zamadola aseMelika, kanti ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwezingxenye zezimoto ezingenisiwe ezivela eJalimane, eTaiwan, eJapan, e-United States naseChina yayingama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,5. Mayelana namathuba, i-Automotive Industry Export Association (AIEC) iphawule ngokuthi imboni yezimoto yaseNingizimu Afrika inezinzuzo ezibalulekile uma iqhathaniswa namanye amazwe amaningi. Izikhungo zamachweba ayisishiyagalombili ezentengiselwano zaseNingizimu Afrika zandisa ukuthunyelwa kwezimoto kanye nokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, okwenza leli lizwe libe yisikhungo sokuhweba e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara. Ibuye ibe nohlelo lwezinto zokusebenza olungahlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenzela iYurophu, i-Asia ne-United States.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zaseNingizimu Afrika kugxile kakhulu ezifundazweni ezi-3 kweziyisishiyagalolunye, okuyiGauteng, i-Eastern Cape neKwaZulu-Natali.
IGauteng inabahlinzeki nezimboni ezingama-OEM eziyi-150, izitshalo ezintathu ezikhiqiza i-OEM: INingizimu Afrika iBMW, iNingizimu Afrika iRenault, iFord Motor Company yaseNingizimu Afrika.
I-Eastern Cape inesizinda esiphelele sokukhiqiza somkhakha wezimoto. Lesi sifundazwe futhi siyindawo yezinsiza kusebenza yezikhumulo zezindiza ezi-4 (ePort Elizabeth, e-East London, eMtata naseBissau), amachweba ama-3 (ePort Elizabeth, ePort Coha nase-East London) kanye nezindawo ezimbili zokuthuthukisa izimboni. ICoha Port inezindawo zezimboni ezinkulu kunazo zonke eNingizimu Afrika, kanti ne-East London Industrial Zone nayo inepaki yezimboni ezihlinzeka ngezimoto. Kunabahlinzeki nezingxenye ze-OEM eziyikhulu e-Eastern Cape. Ama-automaker amane amakhulu: South Africa Volkswagen Group, South Africa Mercedes-Benz (mercedes-benz), South Africa General Motors (General Motors) kanye neFord Motor Company Africa Engine factory eningizimu.
IKwaZulu-Natal ingumnotho wesibili ngobukhulu eNingizimu Afrika ngemuva kweGauteng, kanti iDurban Automobile Cluster ingelinye lamathuba amane ezohwebo notshalo-mali akhuthazwa yizinhlaka zikahulumeni wesifundazwe esifundazweni. IToyota South Africa ukuphela kwesitshalo esikhiqiza i-OEM esifundazweni futhi kunabahlinzeki bezingxenye ze-OEM abangama-80.
Abathengisi bezingxenye ze-auto ezingama-500 bakhiqiza izinto ezahlukahlukene zemishini, izingxenye nezesekeli, kufaka phakathi abahlinzeki be-120 Tier 1.
Ngokwemininingwane evela kwiNational Automobile Manufacturers Association of South Africa (NAAMSA), inani eliphelele lokukhiqizwa kwezimoto eNingizimu Afrika ngonyaka wezi-2013 lalingu-545,913 unit, lafinyelela kumayunithi angama-591,000 ekupheleni kuka-2014.
Ama-OEMs eNingizimu Afrika agxila kumodeli eyodwa noma ezimbili zokuthuthukisa amandla aphezulu, imodeli ye-hybrid ehambisanayo ezuza umnotho wezinga ngokuthumela ezinye izimpahla nokungenisa lezi zinhlobo esikhundleni sokukhiqiza ezweni. Abakhiqizi bezimoto ngo-2013 bahlanganisa: BMW 3-series 4-doors, GM Chevrolet spark plugs, Mercedes-Benz C-series-doors, Nissan Liwei Tiida, Renault Automobiles, Toyota Corolla 4-series-doors, Volkswagen Polo uchungechunge olusha noludala.
Ngokwemibiko, iToyota yaseNingizimu Afrika ihamba phambili ezimakethe zezimoto zaseNingizimu Afrika iminyaka engama-36 ilandelana kusukela ngo-1980. Ngo-2013, iToyota yaba ngu-9.5% wesabelo sonke semakethe, kwalandela iSouth African Volkswagen Group, iSouth Ford neGeneral Ama-Motors.
Umphathi Omkhulu we-Automotive Industry Export Council (AIEC), uDkt Norman Lamprecht, uthe iNingizimu Afrika isiqale ukuthuthuka yaba yingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlinzekwa kwezimoto zamazwe omhlaba, kanye nokubaluleka kokuhwebelana neChina, Thailand, India kanye neSouth IKorea ibilokhu yanda. Kodwa-ke, i-European Union isengumbambisene omkhulu kunabo bonke kwezentengiselwano eNingizimu Afrika embonini yezimoto, ebala u-34.2% wezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle embonini yezimoto ngo-2013.
Ngokuya ngokuhlaziywa kwe-African Trade Research Centre, iNingizimu Afrika, eye yathuthuka kancane kancane yaba yingxenye ebalulekile yoxhaxha lokuhlinzekwa kwezimoto emhlabeni jikelele, imele indawo yokukhiqiza izimoto enkulu kunazo zonke e-Afrika. Inamandla amakhulu okukhiqiza ekukhiqizeni izimoto nasezingxenyeni ze-OEM, kepha njengamanje iNingizimu Afrika izingxenye ezifuywayo zokukhiqiza ze-OEM azikakwazi ukuzimela, futhi ngokwengxenye incike ekuthengisweni kwempahla okuvela eJalimane, China, Taiwan, Japan nase-United States. Njengoba abakhiqizi bakwa-OEM baseNingizimu Afrika bejwayelekile ukungenisa amamodeli wezingxenye zezimoto esikhundleni sokuzikhiqiza ezweni, imakethe yezimoto ezinkulu yaseNingizimu Afrika emakethe yase-Afrika nayo ikhombisa ukufuneka okuphezulu kwemikhiqizo yemodeli yezingxenye zezimoto. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwemakethe yezimoto yaseNingizimu Afrika, izinkampani zezimoto zaseChina zinethemba eliqhakazile lokutshala imali emakethe yezimoto yaseNingizimu Afrika.
Directory of Vietnam Automobile Manufacturers Association kanye neVietnam Automobile Parts Factory Chamber of Commerce
